Analysis of US Patent 3103324A and its Viability

Good question — and one that gets at the heart of Cold War “saucer” research.Short answer:
No, nothing based directly on U.S. Patent 3,103,324 A ever flew.
Lockheed never built it, and its aerodynamic concept turned out to be impractical with 1950s–1960s technology.Here’s the context:

1. What Nathan C. Price actually proposed

Price (a respected engineer who had earlier worked on Lockheed’s L-133 and P-38 turbo-supercharger systems) imagined a circular, biconvex aircraft that could:

  • take off vertically using downward-directed exhaust through peripheral ducts,
  • then transition to forward flight at supersonic to hypersonic speeds (Mach 4, ~100,000 ft),
  • while cooling itself with cryogenic fuel circulated through the structure.

2. Why it looked tempting

The disk shape promised:

  • even stress distribution at high speed,
  • built-in directional symmetry for vertical lift,
  • internal volume for concentric compressors/turbines. But it was an engineering fantasy more than a buildable machine.

3. What actually got built instead

A few broadly similar “flying saucer” or circular VTOL projects did reach prototype stage:

ProjectCountryPeriodStatus / outcome
Avro Canada VZ-9 “Avrocar”Canada (for U.S. Air Force & Army)1958–1961Two prototypes flew; unstable above ~35 mph; cancelled.
U.S. Navy “Project Silver Bug”U.S./Canada1950sPaper study based on Avro concepts; never built.
Lockheed & Convair VTOL studiesU.S.1950sPaper concepts; none disk-shaped reached flight stage.

Lockheed itself focused instead on conventional high-speed aircraft (U-2, SR-71) that achieved the performance goals of altitude and speed without the radical geometry.

4. Why it wasn’t viable

  • Aerodynamic instability: circular planforms produce severe pitch/yaw coupling.
  • Lift inefficiency: disks generate huge drag at any significant angle of attack.
  • Heat management: Mach 4 at 100 000 ft requires exotic materials and cooling far beyond 1950s metallurgy.
  • Complex propulsion transition: switching from vertical jet thrust to horizontal flight smoothly proved nearly impossible even for the Avrocar.

5. Legacy